Coughs and colds are among the most common childhood illnesses - and a frequent source of concern for parents. Young children can have 6-8 colds per year, and even more if they attend daycare or have older siblings. While frustrating, most colds are harmless and resolve on their own within 7-10 days.
What Causes Colds?
Colds are caused by viruses - over 200 different types can cause the common cold. The most common culprits are rhinoviruses. Because colds are viral, antibiotics will not help and should not be used unless there's a secondary bacterial infection.
Common Symptoms
- Runny or stuffy nose (mucus may start clear and become thicker/yellow-green)
- Sneezing
- Cough (may worsen at night)
- Sore throat
- Mild fever (usually under 102°F)
- Decreased appetite
- Irritability or fussiness
Yellow or green mucus does not mean your child needs antibiotics - it's a normal part of the immune response.
When to Call the Doctor
Contact our office if your child:
- Is younger than 3 months with any cold symptoms
- Has a fever lasting more than 3 days
- Has difficulty breathing, fast breathing, or wheezing
- Is not drinking fluids or shows signs of dehydration
- Has ear pain or is tugging at their ears
- Has symptoms that are getting worse instead of better after 7-10 days
- Has a persistent cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks
- Seems unusually sleepy or lethargic
Home Treatment
There is no cure for the common cold, but you can help your child feel more comfortable:
Fluids
Rest
Saline and Suction
Honey for Coughs
Humidity
Fever and Pain Relief
What to Avoid
- Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines: The FDA and AAP recommend not giving these to children under 6 years old. They are not effective and can have serious side effects.
- Antibiotics: These don't work against viruses and can cause side effects and antibiotic resistance.
- Aspirin: Never give aspirin to children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
- Honey for babies under 1 year: Risk of botulism.
Preventing the Spread
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- Teach your child to cough or sneeze into their elbow, not their hands
- Avoid sharing cups and utensils
- Clean frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs and toys
- Keep your child home when they have a fever or are feeling unwell
When Will My Child Feel Better?
Most cold symptoms peak around days 2-3 and gradually improve over 7-10 days. A cough may linger for 2-3 weeks after other symptoms have resolved - this is normal. If symptoms are worsening after a week or not improving after 10 days, contact our office.
